April 25: The Thornton Affair

2014-04-25On 25 April 1846, a battle commonly known as the Thornton Affair transpired between the Mexican and United States military forces. Ultimately, the instance would lead to the official declaration of the Mexican-American War.

As tensions between the two countries heightened in 1845 following the appropriation of Texas by the United States, Captain Seth Thornton led a squadron of 63 dragoons near the Rio del Norte to evaluate whether Mexican troops had entered into territory claimed by the United States. Close to 2,000 Mexican soldiers responded to the patrol, killing 16 Americans and capturing 49. President James K. Polk subsequently declared war on Mexico, leading to a year and a half military expedition.

President Polk used this war as a means for American territorial expansion. After invading Mexico City, the treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo was signed. In the treaty, the United States acquired lands consisting of modern day California and New Mexico. But, this would not be the last time American military would venture south of the Border during the 19th century. Over 50 years later, April 25 would again bring the tidings of war to the Pacific.

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–Benjamin R. Puninske

Photo Credit: Map of Mexico, 1847

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