August 19: Dogs in Space
On 19 August 1960, Корабль-Спутник—known in the west as Sputnik 5—launched. It’s “crew” included dogs Belka (Белка) and Strelka (Стрелка), forty mice, two rats, a rabbit, flies, plants, and fungi. Sputnik 5 returned safely to earth the following day. It was the first mission to take animals into space and then return then safely to Earth.
During the 1950s, the Soviet Union and the United States had become involved in a cold war. Part of the cold war was fought in space. In 1957, The Soviet Union shocked the United States when they launched the first satellite into space. The same year, they launched the first flight with a animal; a dog named Laika (Лайка) who died during the flight.
The Soviet Union also launched the first man—Yuri Gagarin—into outer space on 12 April 1961and the first female—Valentina Tereshkova—into outer space on 16 June 1963. However, on 20 July 1969, American Neil Armstrong became the first man to walk on the moon.
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Belka and Strelka became celebrities in the Soviet Union. After she made her historic flight, Strelka mated and gave birth to six puppies. One of the puppies, Pushinka (Пушинка), was given as a gift to President John F. Kennedy’s daughter, Caroline.
In 2010, Белка и Стрелка. Звёздные собак, an animated film, told the story of the first dogs in space. This film, is known in the west as Belka & Strelka: Star Dogs or just Space Dogs.
–Steven L. Berg, PhD
Charles Hill
While the thing that the then Soviet Union did beat the USA to, it seems, to me, in a way, foolish. To spend so much money to fly a bunch of animals to space and bring them home the next day has no point really. While it is fun and more of a lighter idea than the first satellite, it doesn’t seem to have any sort of outcome that could change anything. I understand that it can intrigue a less serious crowd; the overall end result didn’t really change what we did and didn’t know. To me, and it’s probably because I am biased towards the USA, I still think we got the bragging rights.
-Anna Nowak